X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)
Non-invasive elemental fingerprinting of pigments, metals, alloys, and ceramics with sub-ppm precision.
Evidence-based research and analytical validation for cultural heritage, antiques, and artifacts. Laboratory-controlled methodologies ensuring precision and integrity.
No single technique authenticates. Our reports synthesise evidence across orthogonal methods so a single anomaly cannot mislead the result.
Non-invasive elemental fingerprinting of pigments, metals, alloys, and ceramics with sub-ppm precision.
Stratigraphic study of paint and surface layers under polarized, UV, and electron microscopy.
Molecular identification of organic binders, resins, varnishes, and synthetic compounds.
UV, IR-reflectography, and hyperspectral imaging revealing underdrawings and pentimenti.
Independent dating of organic supports, ceramics, and archaeological artefacts.
Court-admissible scientific reports synthesising analytical evidence into a defensible conclusion.
Every dossier follows the same four-stage protocol. It is slower than the market — and that is the point.
Object received under chain of custody. Photographed, weighed, and assigned an immutable ZL identifier.
XRF, multispectral imaging, and UV inspection map composition and condition without sampling.
Sub-millimetre samples are taken only when essential, in agreement with the conservator.
Two senior scientists independently interpret the data; the ethics board reviews before release.
Long-term partnerships with national institutions for collection studies, conservation campaigns, and exhibitions.
Pre-sale authentication and condition reporting under strict confidentiality and tight deadlines.
Discreet, independent assessments before acquisition, insurance valuation, or restitution.
Joint research programmes, instrumentation access, and doctoral supervision in cultural materials.
Expert witness testimony and chain-of-custody documentation for civil and criminal proceedings.
Pre-policy material verification and post-incident damage assessment for high-value assets.
We never buy, sell, or broker the works we examine. Our only product is evidence.
Every measurement is logged with raw data preserved for 30 years and re-analysable on request.
No single technique is decisive. Conclusions require corroboration across at least three orthogonal methods.
Initial enquiries are answered within 48 hours. All correspondence is treated as confidential.
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